individual

《特許出願明細書》

分野　：　バイオテクノロジー(細胞生物学)　(和英)

原文：

更に、MAPKキナーゼの活性化には、キナーゼドメインVIIとVIIIの境界領域にある2つのセリン及び／又はスレオニン残基(即ち、2つのセリン残基、2つのスレオニン残基又はセリンとスレオニン残基)のリン酸化が必要で、このリン酸化を担うセリン／スレオニンキナーゼをMAPKKキナーゼ(MAPKKK)と総称する。前記のRaf-1はMAPKKキナーゼの一種であり、Ras→Raf-1(即ち、MAPKKK)→MAPKK→MAPKという連鎖は、シグナル伝達の主要経路の一つである。MAPKKK→MAPKK→MAPKという3分子からなるキナーゼの連鎖をMAPキナーゼシグナルカスケードと呼ぶ。

英訳文：

For activating a MAPK kinase, it is necessary to phosphorylate two serine and/or threonine residues (i.e., two serine residues, two threonine residues, or one serine residue and one threonine residue) located in the boundary region between the kinase subdomains VII and VIII, and a serine/threonine kinase responsible for this phosphorylation is designated MAPKK kinase (MAPKKK). The above-mentioned Raf-1 is one example of MAPKK kinase, and the following cascade reaction: Ras → Raf-1 (i.e., MAPKKK) → MAPKK → MAPK, is one of the major signal transduction pathways. The cascade reaction consisting of three kinase molecules, MAPKKK → MAPKK → MAPK, is called a MAP kinase signal cascade.

分野：バイオテクノロジー(遺伝子工学)　(和英)

原文：

ＳＩＩＳ－1発現プラスミドの構築上記(ii)で単離したＳＩＩＳ－1ｃＤＮＡを制限酵素ＸｂａｌとＰｖｕＩＩで消化し、得られた制限酵素断片をブラントエンド化し、哺乳動物発現ベクターｐＥＦ－ＢＯＳのブラントエンド化したＸｂａｌサイトに挿入した。以下、構築したＳＩＩＳ－1発現ベクターをｐＥＦ－ＢＯＳ／ＳＩＩＳ－1(ＳＨ＋)とする。ＳＨ2領域を欠損した変異型ＳＩＩＳ－1を構築するために、ｐＥＦ－ＢＯＳ／ＳＩＩＳ－1(ＳＨ＋)を制限酵素ＢｓｓＨＩＩで消化し、生じた36０ｂｐの断片を除去した。得られたＳＨ2領 域及びＣ末端の領域を欠損したＳＩＩＳ－1発現ベクター(即ち、ＳＩＩＳ－1変異ベクター)を、ｐＥＦ－ＢＯＳ／ＳＩＩＳ－1(ＳＨ－)とした。 上記で構築したｐＥＦ－ＢＯＳ／ＳＩＩＳ－1(ＳＨ＋)又はｐＥＦ－ＢＯＳ／ＳＩＩＳ－1(ＳＨ－)のいずれか一方の発現ベクターとネオマイシン耐性遺伝子をコードするｐＳＶ2 Ｎｅｏとを2０：1の比率で混ぜ、Ｍ1細胞にエレクトロポレーション法で形質導入した。ネオマイシン耐性を指標とし、形質導入体(クローン)をGeneticin(米国、GIBCOBRL社製)750μｇ／mlを含む成長培地中で選択した。

英訳文：

Construction of SIIS-1 expression vectors: SIIS-1 cDNA isolated in step (ii) above was digested with restriction enzymes XbaI and PvuII, and the end of the obtained restriction fragment (XbaI-PvuII) was converted into a blunt end. Then, the resultant blunt-ended fragment was inserted into the blunt-ended XbaI site of the mammalian expression vector pEF-BOS. Hereinafter, the constructed SIIS-1 expression vector is simply referred to as "pEF-BOS/SIIS-1 (SH+)". For the construction of a mutant SIIS-1 which is an SH2 domain-deficient SIIS-1, a BssHII-digested fragment of 360 bp was removed from pEF-BOS/SIIS-1 (SH+). The thus obtained SIIS-1 expression vector (that is, a mutant SIIS-1 vector) which is deficient in the SH2 domain and is truncated at the C-terminus is hereinafter simply referred to as "pEF-BOS/SIIS-1 (SH-)". Each of the expression vectors pEF-BOS/SIIS-1 (SH+) and pEF-BOS/SIIS-1 (SH-) prepared above was individually mixed with expression vector pSV2 Neo (encoding a neomycin-resistance gene) at a ratio of 20:1. Subsequently, each of the resultant vector mixtures was separately transfected into M1 cells by electroporation. Using neomycin resistance as an index, the transfectants (i.e., clones) were selected in the growth medium containing Geneticin (manufactured and sold by GIBCO BRL, USA) at 750 μg/ml.

分野　：　樹脂成形　(和英)

原文：

本発明の発泡射出成形方法によれば、金型キャビティ内壁面形状の転写性が良好で、無発泡の表皮層と高発泡の発泡層を有する成形品を再現性良く、効率的、経済的に製造することができるだけでなく、成形品の表皮層の厚さおよび成形品の発泡倍率を容易に制御することができる。

英訳文：

The foam-injection molding method of the present invention is advantageous not only in that a molded article which exhibits excellent reproduction of the morphology of the inner wall of the mold cavity and which has both a non-foamed surface skin layer and a highly foamed interior portion can be produced with excellent reproducibility and high efficiency and economically, but also in that the thickness of the surface skin layer and the expansion ratio of the molded article can be easily controlled. The　foam-injection molding method of the present invention can provide various excellent foam-injection molded articles of a thermoplastic resin at a low cost.

分野　：　電気工学　(和英)

原文：

本発明は、複合色素及びｎ型半導体を包含する光電変換素子であって、該複合色素は、互いに 異なる励起準位を有する複数の成分色素が互いに化学結合されてなり、それにより、電子移動用の直鎖又は枝分かれ構造体を形成し、該直鎖又は枝分かれ構造体は一端において該ｎ型半導体に保持され、他端は自由端であり、その励起準位が該直鎖又は枝分かれ構造体の上記のｎ型半導体に保持された端部から、上記の自由端に向かって減少する順序で配列されていることを特徴とする光電変換素子に関する。

英訳文：

The present invention is concerned with a photoelectric conversion element comprising a composite dye and an n-type semiconductor, the composite dye comprising a plurality of component dyes which have different excitation levels and which are chemically bonded to each other to form a straight chain or branched structure for transferring an electron therethrough, wherein the straight chain or branched structure is, at one end thereof, secured to the n-type semiconductor and has, at least at one other end thereof, a free end, and wherein the plurality of component dyes are arranged in an order such that the excitation levels of the plurality of component dyes are decreased as viewed from the one end of the structure toward the at least one other end of the structure.

分野　：　電気工学　(和英)

原文：

本発明の光電変換素子は、光電変換性能に優れ、特に、太陽エネルギーからのエネルギー取り 出し効率(エネルギー変換効率)が高く、また、それを用いて簡便に色素増感型太陽電池を製造 することができるので、色素増感型太陽電池などに有利に用いられる。

英訳文：

The photoelectric conversion element of the present invention exhibits excellent photoelectric conversion properties, especially high efficiency in converting solar energy to electric energy (i.e., high energy conversion efficiency), and a dye sensitized solar battery can be easily produced therefrom. Therefore, the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention can be advantageously used for a dye sensitized solar battery and the like.

分野　：　樹脂成形　(和英)

原文：

文明社会はエネルギーの消費によって成立するが、そのエネルギーの大部分は、自然が長年か けて太陽光エネルギーを蓄えた化石燃料に由来する。近年、その化石燃料の減少やその燃焼に よる地球温暖化問題が、人類社会の持続的発展の足かせとなる危惧が高まっている。 これらの問題を解決するために、太陽エネルギーから直接エネルギーを取り出す研究開発が盛 んに行われている。これらの中で、太陽電池は太陽エネルギーからのエネルギー取り出し効率 (エネルギー変換効率)が高いため多くの研究が為されている。とりわけ、色素に代表される光 増感剤を用い、その励起電子を効率よく取り出すことが可能な色素増感型太陽電池は、Ｍichae l Gratzel等によって、エネルギー変換効率が7％を超えるシステムが発表(Ｎature 1991，353，737参照)されて以来、複雑な製造工程を経ず、安価に製造できる次世代の太陽 電池として注目を集めている。

英訳文：

Consumption of energy is indispensable to civilized society. Most of the energy which is consumed by civilized society is derived from fossil fuels, in which sunray energy has been accumulated over many years. In recent years, the problem that the amount of fossil fuels available is being reduced and the problem that the burning of fossil fuels causes global warming have arisen, and there is an increasing fear that these problems will be obstacles to the sustainable development of human society. For solving the above-mentioned problems, various studies have been made to directly utilize sunray energy. Among these studies, the studies on solar batteries have been vigorously made, because solar batteries exhibit high efficiency in converting solar energy to electric energy (i.e., high energy conversion efficiency). Among the solar batteries, special attention has been paid to a dye sensitized solar battery, which uses a photosensitizer, such as a dye, and which is capable of efficiently taking out electrons from the photosensitizer by the irradiation of the photosensitizer with sunray. Specifically, since Michael Gratzel et al. reported a system which uses a dye sensitized solar battery having an energy conversion efficiency of more than 7 % (see Nature 1991, 353, 737), a dye sensitized solar battery has drawn special attention as the next generation solar battery which can be produced at a low cost without use of a complicated method.

分野　：　鉄鋼技術、機械　(英和)

原文：

A production line for manufacturing hot steel strips from two casting lines (a, b) for thin slabs of thickness < 100 mm, only one of which (a) is aligned with a rolling line (e, g) characterized by comprising superimposed heating furnaces with mandrel (Al, A.2; Bl, B2), one pair on line (a) and one on line (b) respectively, both provided with internal mandrel to allow winding/unwinding steps of pre-strips having thickness lower than 30 mm, further comprising a bypass length (d) between said two furnaces (Al, A2) for the endless rolling in a finishing rolling mill (g) through a roller path (e), and a transverse path (k.) for transferring said pair of furnaces (Bl, B2) from line (b) to line (a) fox the production of single strips, there being provided an induction furnace (f) downstream of said heating furnaces with mandrel and immediately upstream of said finishing rolling mill (g).

和訳文：

熱間鋼帯を製造するための製造ラインであって、厚み100mm未満の薄いスラブ製造用の2つの鋳造ライン(a)及び(b)、該鋳造ライン(a)と直列に配置されてなる、ローラーコンベア(e)及び仕上用圧延機(g)を含む圧延ライン、上下に重なり合った加熱炉(A1)及び(A2)であって、該鋳造ライン(a)で製造されたスラブから得られる厚み30ｍｍ未満の仕上前鋳片の巻き取り及び巻き出し用マンドレルを内部に有しており、該鋳造ライン(a)に設けられた加熱炉(A1)及び(A2)、上下に重なり合った加熱炉(B1)及び(B2)であって、該鋳造ライン(b)で製造されたスラブから得られる厚み30ｍｍ未満の仕上前鋳片の巻き取り及び巻き出し用マンドレルを内部に有しており、鋳造ライン(b)に設けられた加熱炉(B1)及び(B2)、該鋳造ライン(a)で製造されたスラブを、ローラーコンベア(e)を介して仕上用圧延機(g)で連続的圧延に付すためのバイパス経路(d)であって、加熱炉(A1)と(A2)との間に設けられたバイパス経路(d)、加熱炉(B1)及び(B2)を、鋳造ライン(b)から鋳造ライン(a)に移動するための横断経路(k)、及びマンドレルを有する該加熱炉の下流であって、該仕上用圧延機(g)の直上流に設けられた誘導炉(f)、を含むことを特徴とする製造ライン。

Trademarks

Q1.　If a trademark application is to be filed in Japan claiming Convention Priority based on a non-Japanese application, is the priority period one year as in patent applications? 

A1.　 No. For filing a trademark application in Japan claiming Convention priority, the priority period is six (6) months, instead of one year, from the filing of the priority application. 

Q2.　Are there any specific points to be noted for registering a trademark in Japan?

A2.　 Some of the points to be noted for registering a trademark in Japan are as follows.

(1)  Goods and services acceptable in Japan:  In the case of trademark registration in Japan via Madrid protocol, the JPO may object to the indications of goods/services in the International Register as being too vague even if they should be acceptable under the NICE Agreement.  This is because the JPO relies on its own list of goods and services as prescribed in the examination standards.  For example, “Apparatus for locomotion by land, air or water” found in the NICE Classifications is not found acceptable by the JPO, and it should be amended to “Aircraft; automobiles; bicycles; motorcycles; rolling stock for railways; ships”.  The amendment of indications is possible as long as it is within the scope of the original Madrid protocol application. 

(2)  Requirement for use of trademark:  A registrable trademark in Japan is a trademark which is being used or which is intended to be used in the near future.  When the range of the goods and services listed in one class is too broad, the trademark will be rejected because the veracity of use or intention of use of the trademark becomes doubtful.

(3)  Registrable subject matter:  Currently, sounds, smells, colors, textures, tastes and movements are not registerable as trademarks in Japan.  (However, the JPO is planning to submit a bill to revise the trademark law to the Japanese Diet in 2013.  So, registration of the mentioned subjects as trademarks may become possible in the near future.)

Q3.　Are there any means to accelerate examination of a trademark application in Japan?

A3.　Yes.  A request for accelerated examination can be filed anytime after the filing of your trademark application, and the request should be granted as long as the following condition 1 or 2 is met .

Condition 1　:　Actual use of trademark and need for quick registration 

You or your licensee is already using your trademark for the goods or services designated in your application, or are preparing to use the trademark, AND

The trademark rights need to be granted urgently due to any one or more of the following reasons:

   1) A third party is using a trademark which is the same or similar to your trademark without authorization from you or your licensee, in connection with designated goods or services that are the same or similar to the goods and services for which you or your licensee has been using the trademark, or for which you or your licensee has prepared to a considerable degree to use the trademark.

   2) A third party has given a warning with respect to the use of your trademark.

   3) A third party is demanding an agreement to their use of your trademark.

   4) You have also applied for the trademark registration at a Patent Office other than the Japan Patent Office (JPO), or to an intergovernmental organization.

Condition 2:  Use of trademark only for designated goods or services

Your application designates only the goods and services for which you or your licensee is already using the trademark or you or your licensee is preparing to use the trademark.

Q4.　What are the documents necessary for filing a request for accelerated examination for a trademark application in Japan? 

A4.　 A document entitled "Explanation of the Circumstances Concerning Accelerated Examination” should be filed together with evidence(s) showing that the above-mentioned Condition 1 or 2 is fulfilled by the trademark application. 

Q5.　What are the specifics of the individual fee system for a trademark registration via Madrid Protocol designating Japan. 

A5.　 The JPO has adopted an individual fee consisting of two parts in accordance with Rule 34(3)(a) of the Common Regulations under the Madrid Protocol.

First part of the individual fee:  This corresponds to an application fee, and is paid at the time of international registration or the subsequent designation. 

Second part of the individual fee:  This corresponds to a registration fee, and is paid within the prescribed period mentioned in the notification issued with the Notice of Grant.  Failure of payment results in cancellation of the designation of Japan in the international registration.

Both fees are to be paid directly to the International Bureau of the WIPO.